Diabetes
Our body is just like a food processor that change sugar, starches, and other components from the food to get convert into energy. Glucose is the main source of energy that we get from the food we consume. Once the body is unable to change food into energy, the cause is called diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes) is a disease caused by high blood sugar (Glucose) level. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas to control the blood glucose level. Insulin helps blood sugar to get convert into energy, and move it through the cell of the body . When blood sugar level increase it makes harder for the blood to flow thus creating complications. The excess glucose level gets spill over into urine so this disease is also known better by the term “sweet Urine”. The process of producing hormone by the pancreas is one of the delicate processes and is hard to get fixed once it gets broken. Scientists are not yet able to find the main cause for diabetes but they are confident that either the body does not make insulin or it can not correctly use the insulin. Researchers are confident and also did success in creating artificial pancreas to get implanted for the diabetes patient, and in near future diabetes no more be called upon as an Chronic disease.
Diabetes is known as a chronic disease in medical terminology. Although it can get controlled by medication, balanced diet, regular exercises, etc, it lasts a lifetime. Symptoms of diabetes include increase of urine output, thirst, extreme hunger, sudden weight loss, slow healing of cuts (especially on the feet) as well as fatigue. Diabetes is diagnosed by blood sugar (glucose) testing as well as urine tests.
Diabetes is closely associated with the genetics but the disease is not detected during the early birth, all siblings from the diabetic parents may not have this kind of disease. Researchers believe certain diets and long term obesity is the main cause for the development of this disease. The fat cell found in the body, looks like sponges and shrinks, has a bad effect in the future as it gets stuck in the blood vessels.
South Asian children are usually born thin with less weight, has a greater risk of diabetes. During the early childhood feeding them excess protein to make them look like a healthy baby also is the main cause for the risk of diabetes in future.
The two major forms of diabetes are:-
a) Type I diabetes (Juvenile diabetes, beginning in childhood):-This is also called insulin-dependent as the patient normally survives with injections of insulin and follow healthy diet. This type of diabetes appear suddenly and progress quickly. It occurs most often in children and young adults. Before the invention of pure insulin in 1921, people with this type of disease lived only for few years after being diagnosis.
b) Type II diabetes (Non-insulin dependent):- It occurs when the body does not use insulin correctly. This type of diabetes can get controlled with medicine, diet, staying physically active and maintaining a normal body weight through exercise. It normally occurs among adults over 40 who are normally over weight.
During pregnancy, some women develop gestational diabetes which disappears after the baby is born. More than fifty percent of these women do develop non insulin dependent diabetes.
Impaired glucose tolerance, also known as latent diabetes refers to a condition in which blood sugar level hover between normal and diabetic. This is being caused by the drug and other chemical damaging the pancreas. This type of diabetes can get treated through medication, diet, weight loss, regular exercises and physically active.
Dangerously elevated blood sugar and abnormally low blood sugar level occur due to diabetes medications.
Disease of the blood vessels (both small and large) which can damage the eye, kidneys, nerves, and heart related problem can cause due to the increase blood sugar level.
Some hints to control diabetes:-
1) Reduce carbohydrate intake: - Carbohydrate is the main source of energy for the body to keep moving but it is advised to choose the carbohydrates that break down slowly providing steady energy. Whole grains, beans, nuts, fresh fruits and vegetables are the good source energy (Calorie). Fruits even though sweet is good but needs to get to a limit.
2) Loosing weight: -Control the body weight, loosing weight helps to control blood sugar and blood pressure. Avoid chips, fries, red meat and
3) Sleep well: - Sound sleep is recommended for controlling the blood sugar. At least 7-8 hour sleep is needed to get control blood sugar.
4) Be active: - A 1,500 steps a day, walking, dancing, biking and physical exercise help reduce the blood sugar.
5) Monitor Blood sugar: - Checking blood sugar level daily helps to identify the main cause for the sugar level variation. It can help to identify the factor playing the role for increasing or lowering the blood sugar level. The goal 4.0 – 7.0 mm ol /L ( 70 – 130 mg/dl) before meal and 5.0 – 10 mm ol /L ( less than 180 mg /dl)
6) Monitor blood pressure: - Try to get the blood pressure and cholesterol (blood test) to an limit, blood pressure below 130/80 mm Hg, LDL below 100 mg/dl, HDL above 40 mg/dl and triglycerides below 150 mg/dl.
7) Cuts and wounds: - Needs to be careful with cuts and wounds specially cracks on feet, diabetes raise risk of infection and slow healing. Sterilized bandage, proper cleaning and use of antibiotic cream needs to be applied to stop Gagarin, always moisturize feet and always use socks during cold winter days.
8) Regular check ups: - Get screened for eye, nerve and kidney damage including the dental problem. Eye and teeth needs to get check regularly as slight infection in the mouth might cause a serious trouble and the dry eye nerves might cause blindness. Yearly eye exam and visit to the dentist twice a year is recommended
9) Manage stress:-Relaxation technique such as Pranayama - breath exercise and Yoga meditation help reduce blood sugar.
10) Say no to Salt: - Reducing salt keeps control the blood pressure to help protect kidney. Fresh fruits, herbs and spices are the alternate substitute for salt.
11) Avoid Fat: - Avoid saturated fat and trans fat use mono and poly saturated fats like olive oil for cooking, use dark green vegetables and fish with omega 3- fatty acids.
12) Stop Smoking: - Protect heart lungs by stopping as smoking increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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